| 摘要: | Background: Nosocomial infections are the major issue in hospitals worldwide which increase patient’s morbidity and mortality. Characteristics of NI vary remarkably among nations, regions or even institutions. Aims: To investigate the NI rate, characteristics of NI, other risk factors associated with NI, the patterns of pathogens and antibiotics-resistant status. Method: A cross-sectional study was design. Data was collected in Postal General Hospital during October, 2014 regarding the information of demographic characteristics, clinical characteristics, invasive procedures, the use of antibiotics, devices (the application of specific medical techniques such as drainage, vascular catheters, etc.), and detected pathogens. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 22th. Results: Of the 602 patients observed a total of nosocomial infections with the NI rate at 3.8%. The most common NI was respiratory tract infections (56.5%), surgical site infections (17.4%) and Skin and soft tissue infections (13%), urinary tract infections (8.6%), and bloodstream infections (4.3%). The most common pathogens were Pseudomonas, followed by Klebsiella and Staphylococcus aureus. Pseudomonas is the most sensitive pathogens and Acinetobacter is mostly resistant to all antibiotics. Data analysis revealed the following risk factors for NI: underlying diseases, peripheral vascular catheterization, duration of peripheral catheter placement, invasive ventilation and its duration, intubation procedure and its time of placement, duration of operation.. Further risk factors included age, wound classification, ASA score. Conclusion: In this descriptive study, respiratory tract infections were the most common type of NI. The most common pathogens were Pseudomonas, followed by Klebsiella and Staphylococcus aureus, which related to three common types of specimens taken from where infections occurred. More investigation should be performed to have a broader view about the status of NI in higher level of management and to propose effective preventive measures. |
